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Kathmandu Politics in Retrospection

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It might perhaps appear too early to say as to if the exiled movement led by RK Dorji will yield fruitful results but if his recent activities are selfless-driven, it might drive our long struggle to a good height.

Dorji, President of Druk National Congress (DNC), who was in Nepal after his extradition case was rejected by Delhi High Court, has been asked to lead the democratic struggle of exiled Bhutanese by Bhutan PeopleтАЩs Party (BPP), Bhutan National Democratic Party (BNDP) and Bhutanese Movement Steering Committee (BMSC).┬аA coalition-like body has been announced, which will be led by Dorji, especially to carry on the struggle for democracy and human rights in Bhutan. Of course, the type of agreement and declaring merger of different groups and parties is not a new drift in the political movements and Bhutanese establishments are not an exception. Interestingly, the Kathmandu understanding of August 26 has drawn the attention of Bhutanese from across the globe in three folds.

Firstly, the accord fell in lime light when Dorji, the most wanted opposition leader in the Thimphu regime’s list landed in Kathmandu after receiving clean cheat from Delhi High Court.┬а The motion declared in favor of Dorji by the Supreme Court of India has flashed a ray of hope amid pro democracy leaders. This signal from India can be taken as a change in the position of India, the champion of democracy, towards Bhutanese political struggle.

Secondly, the setting has been forged in such a situation that the solitary concentration of International community has centered in the third country resettlement of the exiled Bhutanese en masse. Majority of the Bhutanese denizens in the refugee camps are half way through in the ongoing resettlement scheme.

Thirdly, strategically a new set up is in the offing. Of course, they haven’t term the agreement as a coalition, yet, the nature of the declaration and the statement chimes the same. Here the note worthy substance is the set up and the members’ affiliation. National Front for Democracy (NFD-Bhutan), Bhutanese Movement Steering Committee (BMSC), Bhutan National Democratic Party (BNDP) and DNC, these abbreviations reads and contain the galaxy of political leaders struggling for the common cause but never been together in any move before this. If this set up is true to what people have expected and demanded since long back, this is laudable move and an honest acceptance of peoples’ appeals by the leaders, albeit late.

The coalition partners BMSC headed by Tek Nath Rizal is known for an advisory committee for any sorts of peaceful movements, and comprise of chairpersons and representatives from different human rights groups and social organizations. NFD-Bhutan, headed by Balaram Poudel consists three political parties viz Bhutan People’s Party, Thinley Penjore-lead Druk National Congress- (Democratic) and Bhutan Gorkha National Liberation Front (BGNLF) headed by D.B. Rana Sampang and BNDP with most of its executive members in abroad headed by Dr. DNS Dhakal. Note worthy aspect of this coalition sounds comprehensive for that reason that there was close coordination between DNC and BNDP and never had accepted coalition with NFD-Bhutan. NFD-Bhutan and BMSC were working in hand to hand. This shows if the leaders work with committed consensus keeping aside their petty differences can do a lot and go ahead.

The above affirmed understanding has sparked some questions, and answers to those questions hold the truthfulness for the greater cause. In this coalition, NFD-Bhutan headed by Balaram Poudel has shown the worthy presence and which was must, yet, the absence of Thinley Penjore-led DNC-Democratic is the question of the people. And nowhere BGNLF is seen quoted in the locale. The prime concern of the people is DNC-Democratic should tell people if this is not in favor of peoples’ well fare and bring forth the alternative roadmap so that every Dick, Tom, Henry and the like would analyze the motive. People are far more educated. They are in no mood to be ‘yes Men’ cadre as were treated by the leaders in the past. If the reason for the absence of DNC-Democratic in the coalition is the presence of Dorji, this is the true indication of lust of power and position for petty interest still being guiding principle in the leaders.

This is, for sure, the time to forget the past and think collectively for the situation in the hand.┬аIf there exist other reasons, people deserve the right to information from DNC-Democratic in this regard. At equal length, this is the time where considerable number of Bhutanese people in the refugee camps are awaiting repatriation to their homestead with honor and dignity, people are being ignored by the agencies in the field of health. As a result, innocent people sacrificed their lives for no fault in their place. Hundreds of non-registered genuine Bhutanese are seen begging for alms in front of the refugee huts to solve their hand and mouth war all around the clock. The degree of frustration in the mind of people has crossed the limit. The cases of┬аsuicide are thus being reported at different times from the camps. Involvement of youths in unruly activities can never be a good news; youths lack morale education and engagement.┬а Hence, the joint effort from all responsible organizations is must to address and resolve the basic humanitarian problems faced by the people in the camp at the earliest. People in the camps have felt the need of representative approach so as to address their plight and the August 26 agreement has shown rare hope.

Another content of the chapter in the agreement is the office set-up of the coalition. At the present context, the issue of setting up their office in Kathmandu does not sound fruitful. Nepal is in the turmoil of unstable political move. In the past, ample approaches were made from different offices stationed in Kathmandu and could not bring any outcome. For this, New Delhi based coordinating office would add more meaning towards any future programs and Kathmandu can bear sub-office. The coalition should have two fold working strategy one based on human rights and the other for political affairs. The first move of the coalition should be to address the problem of the people in the camp as the primary deal and future strategy should be on political achievements.

Now the matter is strategy and approach and then unity with vision and mission. United Bhutanese voice from across the globe for peace and justice in Bhutan has no alternative, thus, the leaders should coin a special roadmap to lead the movement to a successful height.

(Pokhrel, who blogs at http://runapok.wordpress.com, can be reached at: [email protected])

Woman commits suicide in New York

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In less than two weeks of her resettlement in Buffalo in New York, Dhan Maya Gurung (Poudel) has committed suicide on Friday night.

Late Dhan, 30s. Photo/Indra

Reports received late from DhanтАЩs sister in Arizona confirmed that she committed suicide in her new temporary house in Buffalo days after her resettlement.

A permanent resident of Chirang district in Bhutan, Dhan moved to New York through resettlement program on August 17.

According to Indra, sister of the deceased, the actual reason behind the suicide is not yet known.

According to our correspondent Bhakta Ghimire in Buffalo, the funeral processing of late Gurung completed today afternoon.

Late Gurung is survived by her husband and two daughters.

Dorji continues lobby, irked group concerns

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A delegation of Bhutanese leaders led by RK Dorji has met former foreign minister and Madhesi Janadhikar Forum chairman Upendra Yadhav at the latter’s residence in a bid to lobby Nepalese leaders for the repatriation of refugees.

During the meet, Yadav said “India always chose to remain silent whenever the Government of Nepal sought its help in resolving the crisis and Bhutan is not sincere” He further added that Nepal alone can’t repatriate the refugees without the active role of India.

Yadav also committed the support of MJF to Bhutanese delegates. “Madhesi people are always with your struggle since they know who you are more importantly than our leaders in power,” Karma Duptho, who accompanied the delegation, told BNS quoting Yadav.

During the meeting, Bhutanese delegates also sought YadavтАЩs support and solidarity to establish their contact office in Kathmandu.

Meanwhile, the group of deregistered refugees has vehemently criticized the formation of new Bhutanese coalition led by Dorji. Terming it as another form of conspiracy, a press statement issued by the group further accused leaders of not being serious towards their problems.

The group further said that it is shameful to talk about lunching movement for repatriation by opening contact office in Kathmandu. It has also challenged the leaders to stay in camps and continue their politics if they really want to work for people.

Bhutanese regime and its art of lying

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It is an undeniable fact that most of the nations know that Bhutan is a country of immigrants, who entered into Bhutan through different time periods. However, the country itself is yet to admit this fact. Therefore, labeling citizens, whose entry into Bhutan dates back to not before the 17thcentury, as “illegal immigrants” of Bhutan is neither logical nor justifiable.

All the Bhutanese in exile, who have been dwelling in ramshackle huts in Nepal or elsewhere with hardship since two decades, are confidently ready to prove themselves to be bona-fide Bhutanese, be it in the presence of unbiased representatives from the international community. So, the question here is not how over 100,000 Bhutanese refugees prove their “Bhutanese identity”, but it should be, instead, is Bhutan prepared enough to accept them when these so-called “illegal immigrants” certify their status in the presence of international community?

Sense of cruelty: It is well agreed that Bhutan is a Buddhist nation with multi ethnicity and multiple religions. From the very beginning of the history of Bhutan, it has been continuously ruled by Buddhist rulers. However, the rulers seem to be far behind in concept of true philosophy of Buddhism, as a result of which they unleashed numerous chapters of “killing each other” mercilessly to hold supreme position. Although never mentioned in the history of Bhutan, even the re incarnations of Zhabdrung Ngawang the most famous spiritual leader of Bhutan, were assassinated from time to time to hold the power by the rulers.

The rulers, who also follow Buddhism, as commoners do, have been discriminating and suppressing other religions. A monk named Gomchen Karma from Tashigang, a follower of another sect of Buddhism Nyningmapa, was shot dead on October 27, 1997 by the district officer Lakpa Dorji and expelled many senior Buddhist monks of eastern Bhutan simply for attending a peaceful procession demanding equal rights to religions. After this incident, to appease this community and to avoid two front enmities, the regime promptly promoted Sharchop officers to the ranks of ministers. But all the ministers from other ethnic community are still under compulsion to dance to the tunes of the regime.

Crux of refugee crisis: Until late 70s, Bhutan remained as one of the poorest countries in the world. However, there existed very good relationship between the ruler and citizens. Such a relationship was, indeed, taken as an indicator of prosperity in the nation in the days to come. But that was not liked by the neighbor country which started creating melodrama, first in Sikkim and later in Darjeeling aiming at arousing Bhutan against the southern Bhutanese.┬а In both the issues, the Indian citizens of Nepali ethnicity were projected in the front, ultimately Sikkim was annexed to India; people of Darjeeling had to be satisfied with old Hill Council and ethnic Nepali of those regions were blamed for swallowing Sikkim. Thus, the scaremonger easily motivated Bhutan to act against the southern Bhutanese of Nepali ethnicity.

The wiseacre rulers of Bhutan did not waste their time to hatch up conspiracies against the citizens of southern Bhutan, mostly Nepali-speaking people called Lhotsampas by the regime. The autocrat started executing discriminatory and suppressive policies upon the Lhotsampas targeting their culture, religion and livelihood. These people were left with no option but to request the ruler-turned-predator for institutionalizing human rights as enshrined in United Nations.

But the regime chose military crackdown on its citizens when many people were intimidated, arbitrarily arrested, tortured and murdered in jails. This is not enough. Many women were gang-raped, houses set ablaze, huge properties of the citizens destroyed and important documents were confiscated by the security forces to erase their “Bhutanese identity” permanently.

Refugee arrivals: Tragedies of Lhotsampas did not end there as the government started evicting them systematically on various pretexts. They had to enter India. Unluckily, those evicted Bhutanese were not given asylum in the first port of entry, India, rather the security forces of India motivated and even instigated them to enter Nepal. Thus Bhutanese never entered Nepal by their own will, but it was a Hobson’s choice (without options). Fortunately, Nepal was kind enough to take them on humanitarian ground and within very short time the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) came to assist these people.

Bhutan and its advisors were thinking that those Bhutanese after their eviction from their homeland would be assimilated in Indian borders as Duars and Nepal because of their similar language and ethnicity but that could not take place as they realized they and their forefathers had sweated and bled for their motherland and have remained determined to return Bhutan in days to come. To keep the ball rolling in his desired track, Bhutan even attempted to convince the Nepali authority for not granting them asylum. Probably, Bhutan wrote some letters to the UNHCR to stop its aid basket for these people. But, both couldn’t happen as expected by the Bhutanese regime. Irked with such humanitarian supports from Nepal and the UNHCR, it instead started evicting citizens en masse.

Slim hope for repatriation: With efforts of constant negotiation from Nepali side due to the international pressure, Bhutan at least accepted the presence of some Bhutanese in the UN-monitored camps in Nepal. So, in very trickery manner it proposed to categorize its own citizens in 1994. Subsequently, Khudunabari camp was verified in 2003 after forming a Joint Verification Team (JVT) with Nepal. During verification the whole show was dominated by the team from Bhutan and the verification was conducted in very deceptive manner and according to the whim of Bhutanese team. The results were amazing. Two four-year-olds, Srijana Poudyel and Ramesh Poudel, both born in camp, were categorized as “criminals” of Bhutan. Can anybody in the world tolerate such open deception? The JVT declared 293 to be forcefully evicted from Bhutan, 347 to be having criminal records in Bhutan, 8595 voluntarily migrated from Bhutan and 2948 having no link to Bhutan, could be Bhutanese whose documents were confiscated or destroyed by the security forces during military crackdown before they were evicted.

In 2003, the Bhutanese refugees, except those having no link in Bhutan, as accused by the regime, were verified to be bona-fide Bhutanese whatever the category they have fallen in. So Bhutan must take these people back to Bhutan with safety and dignity if it prefers to call it as a true democratic country where citizens enjoy their rights. The so-called democratic ruler must be brave enough to accept its mistakes if they have real faith in Buddhism and Bhutan as the last Shangri-la.

Regime’s art of lying: Even after finding all facts, Bhutan is still persistently and shamelessly campaigning in international community saying that the people in the camps in Nepal are illegal immigrants who had entered Bhutan as laborers to work in countryтАЩs first installed Chhuka Hydroelectric Project (CHEP) in early seventies. Bhutan must remember that I was deputed to this project as medical officer by the government. And, I was a doctor to sign on the medical fitness forms of those laborers coming from India and Nepal, if we accept Bhutan’s allegation. Later, in mid 80s those laborers were thrown out of the project and Bhutan, after official agreement with India. Now, Bhutan is trying to confuse the international community about the eviction of those laborers of the CHEP with the eviction of Lhotsampas since early nineties. Such persistent attitude of regime is an indication of aftermath of eviction which still looms around the remaining Bhutanese of Nepalese ethnicity in Bhutan.

Bhutan often engages itself in telling the Bhutanese refugee stalemate is a humanitarian issue but never dared say who or what caused this issue. So far, Bhutan is very lucky as it is backed by a giant neighbour and its propaganda is sellable in the market. Why Bhutan does not dare sitting across the table with the refugees and prove them “illegal immigrants” if they really are as it claims? What the refugee community hopes is Bhutan will stop telling such lies to hide the stories of injustice to its citizens and violation of human right and will start following true philosophy of Buddhism. Telling lies upon lies is unforgivable crime in front of Lord Buddha and against the principle of Shangri-la, which the present Bhutan needs to learn.

(Dr. Rai is the chairperson of Bhutanese Refugee Representative Repatriation Committee. He can be reached at: [email protected])

Source: www.nepalnews.com

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Distribution of fire aid in Bel-I

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Bhutan Media Society, Kathamndu handed over the donations made by resettled Bhutanese and their community organisations to fire victims of Beldangi-I camp on Feb 19, 2010.

Dorji agrees to lead struggle

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President of Druk National Congress (DNC), RK Dorji, who is in Nepal after his extradition case was rejected by Delhi High Court, has been asked to lead the democratic struggle of exiled Bhutanese by Bhutan People’s Party (BPP), Bhutan National Democratic Party (BNDP) and Bhutanese Movement Steering Committee (BMSC).┬а

Top brass of these parties and BMSC agreed to go under the leadership of Dorji based on their crucial meeting of August 22, which Dorji has accepted.

The leaders made such an announcement Thursday during a joint press briefing organized here in Kathmandu.

Dorji expressed his hope that India would become ready to support the future imitative exiled leaders would take. “There are some green signals from Indian side for our struggle,” he explained.

RK Dorji, Tek Nath Rizal, Dr. DNS Dhakal and Balaram Poudyal (L to R) during the media briefing/Vidhyapati
RK Dorji, Tek Nath Rizal, Dr. DNS Dhakal and Balaram Poudyal (L to R) during the media briefing/Vidhyapati

He said he is happy and ready to lead the movement since other parties and organisation would always back him.
“We have strategically agreed to go under the DNC leadership,” Dr. DNS Dhakal, chief executive of BNDP expressed, “There is no option for this since DNC has a better influence inside Bhutan.”

Sharing the experiences he collected during his recent visits to the United States, he said that resettled Bhutanese are finding tough to manage their living, but their conditions are far better than what their friends and relatives have in Nepal.

“Resettlement is just a temporary solution since there is no alternative than to return to homeland with dignity and honour.”

President of BPP, Balaram Poudyal, expressed the need to adopt peaceful means in the struggle. “There is no landing with arms since Bhutan has unique geographical pattern,” he elaborated.

Interestingly, Poudyal also said that his party was unaware of Maoist party in the camp which has been reported to be fighting against the regime with arms. He sai, “I have no knowledge where do such cadres live and what they do as carried by various media.”
Poudyal also accused Bhutan of playing foul game in the name of democracy. “We never trust such a democratic system that has placed the King above the constitution.

The chairperson of BMSC, Tek Nath Rizal, expressed that India has a lead role in resolving the imbroglio. “India must understand that we have suffered due to its questionable policy to support the Bhutanese regime and oppose refugees’ initiative to repatriate.”

He also said the issue is no more a “bilateral deal” Bhutan and Nepal since exiled Bhutanese have reached to various countries through resettlement program. “This is a matter of international concern,” he told.

The leaders also demanded reparation of Bhutanese refugees through the national reconciliation.

Rai, Penjore express dissatisfaction
Chairperson of Bhutanese Refugee Repatriation Representative Committee (BRRRC), Dr. Bhampa Rai, and President of Druk National Congress – Democratic (DNC-D), Thinley Penjore, expressed their dissatisfaction over the announcement of such a common strategy without consulting to other parties and leaders in exile.

“It is, indeed, a good initiative if it is materialized,” Dr Rai told Bhutan News Service, “However, I am sad that they even didn’t ask me once though I represent a people-mandated committee.”

Relating to such a decision from some parties and BMSC in Kathmandu far from camps, he jokingly questioned, “How can shepherds decide to remain in Tshirang when their sheep are in Samtse?”

Meanwhile, Thinely said that his party has “evergreen” solidarity for Dorji considering his attachment and sacrifice.

┬а“However, they even did not make a call before announcing such a major event. I was just a few miles away from the place where our leaders decided to empower Dorji with such challenging task,” he said.

He also expressed his surprise over the involvement of Balaram Poudyal of BPP, who also heads National Front for Democracy Bhutan, in the strategic coalition. “We need to sit together to get his position clarified since I am unaware who gave him such a mandate,” Thinley told.

рдЬрд╕рдХреЛ рдШрд░ рдЦреЛрд╕рд┐рдпреЛ

рджреАрдкрдХ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░реА

тАШрддрд┐рдиреАрд╣рд░реБрд▓реЗ рдореЗрд░реЛ рдШрд░ рдЦреЛрд╕реЗ рддрд░ рдореЗрд░реЛ рднрд╡рд┐рд╖реНрдп рдЦреЛрд╕реНрди рд╕рдХреНрджреИрдирдиреНтАЩ рднрдиреНрдиреЗ рдирд╛рд░рд╛рдХрд╛ рд╕рд╛рде рдЖрдЬ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡ рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереА рджрд┐рд╡рд╕ рдордирд╛рдЗрдБрджреИрдЫред рдпрд╕рдкрд╛рд▓рд┐рдХреЛ рдирд╛рд░рд╛рд▓реЗ рдШрд░рдмрд╛рд░рд╡рд┐рд╣реАрди рд╣реБрди рдкреБрдЧреЗрдХрд╛ рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереАрдХреЛ рдорд░реНрдо рдд рдмреЛрд▓реЗрдХреЛ рдЫ рддрд░ рдЙрдиреАрд╣рд░реБрдХреЛ рднрд╡рд┐рд╖реНрдп рдЖрдлреНрдиреЛ рд╣рд╛рддрдорд╛ рдирднрдИ рдареВрд▓рд╛ рд╢рдХреНрддрд┐ рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░ рд░ рдирд┐рдХрд╛рдпрдХреЛ рд╣рд╛рддрдорд╛ рднрдПрдХреЛ рдХреБрд░рд╛ рдШрд╛рдордЬрддреНрддрд┐рдХреИ рдЫрд░реНрд▓рдЩреНрдЧ рдЫред

рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓рдорд╛ рджреБрдИ рджрд╢рдХрджреЗрдЦрд┐ рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рдЧрдд рднреБрдЯрд╛рдиреА рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереАрд▓рд╛рдИ рд╣реЗрд░реМтАМред рд╕рдиреН реирежрежрео рдорд╛рд░реНрдЪрджреЗрдЦрд┐ рдЕрдореЗрд░рд┐рдХрд╛рдХреЛ рдЕрдЧреБрд╡рд╛рдИрдорд╛ рд╢реБрд░реБ рддреЗрд╕реНрд░реЛ рджреЗрд╢ рдкреБрдирдГрд╡рд╛рд╕рдХрд╛ рдХреНрд░рдордорд╛ рейрез рд╣рдЬрд╛рд░рднрдиреНрджрд╛ рдмрдвреА рднреБрдЯрд╛рдиреА рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереАрд▓реЗ рд╢рд┐рд╡рд┐рд░ рдЫрд╛рдбрд┐рд╕рдХреЗрдХрд╛ рдЫрдиреНред рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░рд╕рдВрдШреАрдп рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереА рдирд┐рдпреЛрдЧ (рдпреБрдПрдирдПрдЪрд╕рд┐рдЖрд░) рд▓реЗ рд╡рд░реНрддрдорд╛рди рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рдХреЛ рд╕рдмреИрднрдиреНрджрд╛ рдареВрд▓реЛ рдорд╛рдирд╡реАрдп рдкреБрдирдГрд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрдирд╛ рднрдиреЗрдХреЛ рдЙрдХреНрдд рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛рд▓реЗ рд╕рдорд╕реНрдпрд╛рдХреЛ рдЕрд▓реНрдкрдХрд╛рд▓реАрди рд╕рдорд╛рдзрд╛рдирдорд╛рддреНрд░ рдЕрдШрд┐ рд╕рд╛рд░реЗрдХреЛ рдЫред рдЖрд░реНрдерд┐рдХ рдордиреНрджреАрдХрд╛ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рдмреЗрд░реЛрдЬрдЧрд╛рд░реАрдмрд╛рдЯ рдЧреБрдЬрд┐реНрд░рд░рд╣реЗрдХрд╛ рдЕрдореЗрд░рд┐рдХрд╛ рд░ рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрдорд╛ рджрдХреНрд╖рд┐рдг рднреБрдЯрд╛рдирдорд╛ рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ рдЦреЗрддреАтАУрдХрд┐рд╕рд╛рдиреА рдЬрд╛рдиреЗрдХреЛ рдкреБрд░рд╛рдиреЛ рдкреБрд╕реНрддрд╛ рд░ рджрдХреНрд╖рд┐рдгрдкреВрд░реНрд╡реА рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓рдХрд╛ рд╢рд┐рд╡рд┐рд░рдорд╛ рд╣реБрд░реНрдХреЗрдХреЛ рддрдиреНрдиреЗрд░реА рдкреБрд╕реНрддрд╛ рдкреБрдЧреЗрдХреЛ рдЫ рдЬрд╣рд╛рдБ рдЙрдиреАрд╣рд░реБрд╕рд╛рдореБ рдЪрд╛рд░ рдорд╣рд┐рдирд╛рдкрдЫрд┐ рдЖрдлреНрдиреИ рдЦреБрдЯреНрдЯрд╛рдорд╛ рдЙрднрд┐рдиреБрдкрд░реНрдиреЗ рдЪреБрдиреМрддреА рдЫред рдкреБрдирдГрд╡рд╛рд╕рдХреИ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереА рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░рдорд╛ рдлрд╛рдЯреЛ рдмрдвреЗрдХреЛ рдЫ рднрдиреЗ рдЕрдореЗрд░рд┐рдХрд╛ рд╕реЛрдЪреЗрдЬрд╕реНрддреЛ рдирднрдПрдХреЛ рдпрдерд╛рд░реНрдердмрд╛рд░реЗ рдЙрдиреАрд╣рд░реБрд▓реЗ рддреНрдпрд╣рд╛рдБ рдкреБрдЧреЗрдкрдЫрд┐ рдорд╛рддреНрд░ рднреЗрдЙ рдкрд╛рдЙрдБрдЫрдиреНред рдЕрдореЗрд░рд┐рдХрд╛ рдкреБрдЧреЗрдХрд╛ рдПрдХрд╛рдз рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереАрдмрд╛рдЯ рднрдПрдХреЛ рдЖрддреНрдорд╣рддреНрдпрд╛рд▓реЗ рдЙрдиреАрд╣рд░реБрд▓реЗ рднреЛрдЧреЗрдХреЛ рдорд╛рдирд╕рд┐рдХ рдкреАрдбрд╛рдХреЛ рд╕рдВрдХреЗрдд рджрд┐рдиреНрдЫред

рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рдорд╛ рднреЛрдХрдорд░реА, рдпреБрджреНрдз, рдкреНрд░рд╛рдХреГрддрд┐рдХ рдкреНрд░рдХреЛрдк рд░ рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рднреЗрджрдХрд╛рд░реА рдиреАрддрд┐рдХрд╛ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереА рд╕рдорд╕реНрдпрд╛ рдЬрдиреНрдорд┐рдПрдХреЛ рд╣реЛред рд╣рд┐рдЬреЛрд╕рдореНрдо рдЖрдлреНрдиреЛ рдорд╛рдиреЗрдХреЛ рдерд╛рддрдерд▓реЛ рдЕрдЪрд╛рдирдХ рдкрд░рд╛рдИ рд╣реБрдирдкреБрдЧреНрдЫ рд░ рдЫрд┐рдореЗрдХреА рд╡рд╛ рдЯрд╛рдврд╛рдХрд╛ рджреЗрд╢рдорд╛ рдЕрд╕реНрдерд╛рдпреА рдЫрд╛рдкреНрд░реЛрдорд╛ рдЬреАрд╡рдирдХрд╛ рдХрд╣рд░ рдХрд╛рдЯреНрдиреБрдкрд░реНрдиреЗ рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫред рдЬреАрд╡рди рдЖрдлреНрдиреЛ рд╣рд╛рддрдорд╛ рд╣реБрдБрджреИрди, рдЕрд░реБрд▓реЗ рджрд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдорд╛рдирд╛рдЪрд╛рдорд▓ рд░ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдЗрджрд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдУрддрдорд╛ рдЬрд┐рдЙрдиреБрдкрд░реНрдиреЗ рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫред рдЙрдиреАрд╣рд░реБрд▓реЗ рдпрд╛ рдд рдЭрд╛рдкрд╛тАУрдореЛрд░рдЩрдХрд╛ рдЬрд╕реНрддрд╛ рд╢рд┐рд╡рд┐рд░рдорд╛ рдмрд╕реНрдиреБ рдкрд░реНрдЫ рдпрд╛ рдд рд╢рд╣рд░рдХрд╛ рд╕рд╕реНрддрд╛ рдард╛рдЙрдБрдорд╛ рдХреЛрдард╛ рднрд╛рдбрд╛ рд▓рд┐рдПрд░ред рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереАрдХреЛ рд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдЕрд╣рд┐рд▓реЗ рдбреЗрдв рдХрд░реЛрдб рдЫред рддреАрдордзреНрдпреЗ рдЖрдзрд╛рднрдиреНрджрд╛ рдмрдвреА рд╡рд┐рдХрд╛рд╕реЛрдиреНрдореБрдЦ рджреЗрд╢рдорд╛ рдЫрдиреН рднрдиреЗ рдпрд╕реИ рд╡рд░реНрд╖рджреЗрдЦрд┐ рдкрд╣рд┐рд▓реЛрдкрдЯрдХ рд╢рд┐рд╡рд┐рд░рдорд╛ рдмрд╕реНрдиреЗрднрдиреНрджрд╛ рд╢рд╣рд░реА рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереАрдХреЛ рд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдмрдвреА рднрдПрдХреЛ рдЫред рд╢рд┐рд╡рд┐рд░рдорд╛ рдмрд╕реНрдиреЗ рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереАрд▓рд╛рдИ рдпреБрдПрдирдПрдЪрд╕рд┐рдЖрд░ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдпрддрдХрд╛ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рд▓реЗ рд╡рд╛рд╕рд╕реНрдерд╛рди, рдЦрд╛рджреНрдпрд╛рдиреНрди, рд╕реНрд╡рд╛рд╕реНрдереНрдпреЛрдкрдЪрд╛рд░, рд╢рд┐рдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдЖрджрд┐ рдЙрдкрд▓рдмреНрдз рдЧрд░рд╛рдЙрдБрдЫрдиреН рднрдиреЗ рд╢рд╣рд░рдорд╛ рдмрд╕реНрдиреЗ рд╢рд╣рд░реА рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереА (рдЕрд░реНрдмрд╛рди рд░реЗрдлреНрдпреБрдЬреА) рд▓рд╛рдИ рд╢рд░рдг рд▓рд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдореБрд▓реБрдХ рд╣реЗрд░реА рдорд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рднрддреНрддрд╛ (рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓рдорд╛ рдЬрдирд╣реА рек рд╣рдЬрд╛рд░ рдкрд╛рдБрдЪ рд╕рдп) рджрд┐рдЗрдиреНрдЫред рд╢рд╣рд░реА рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереАрд▓рд╛рдИ рдФрд╖рдзреЛрдкрдЪрд╛рд░ рд░ рд╢рд┐рдХреНрд╖рд╛рдХреЛ рд╕рдореЗрдд рд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛ рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫред рдпрд╕реЛ рд╣реБрдБрджрд╛рд╣реБрдБрджреИ рдкрдирд┐ рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереА рдЗрд░реНрд╖реНрдпрд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдирд▓рд╛рдпрдХ рдЕрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛ рдкрдХреНрдХреИ рд╣реЛрдЗрдиред рдмрд░реБ рдпреЛ рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рдЕрдиреНрддреНрдпрд╣реАрди рдкрд░реНрдЦрд╛рдЗ рд░ рдирд┐рд░реАрд╣рддрд╛рдХреЛ рдкрд░рд╛рдХрд╛рд╖реНрдард╛ рд╣реЛред

рд╣рд╛рдореНрд░реЛ рдореБрд▓реБрдХрд▓реЗ рджрд╢рдХреМрдВрджреЗрдЦрд┐ рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереАрд▓рд╛рдИ рд╡рд╛рд╕рд╕реНрдерд╛рди рджрд┐рдБрджреИ рдЖрдПрдХреЛ рдЫред рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓рд▓реЗ рдХреБрдиреИ рд╕рдордп рдЕрд╡рд╕рд░рдХреЛ рдЦреЛрдЬреАрдорд╛ рдЖрдлреНрдиреИ рджреЗрд╢рдмрд╛рдЯ рд╡рд┐рджреЗрд╢рд┐рдПрдХрд╛рд▓рд╛рдИ рдЖрд╢реНрд░рдп рджрд┐рдиреБрдкрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдпреЛ/рдЫред рдХреЗрд╣реА рджрд╢рдХрдЕрдШрд┐ рдмрд░реНрдорд╛ рдкреБрдЧреЗрдХрд╛ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реАрд▓рд╛рдИ рддреНрдпрд╣рд╛рдБрдХреЛ рдирд┐рд░рдВрдХреБрд╢ рдЬреБрдиреНрддрд╛ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░рд▓реЗ рд▓рдЦреЗрдЯреЗрдкрдЫрд┐ рд╣рдЬрд╛рд░реМрдВ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рдШрд░ рдлрд░реНрдХрд┐рдПрдХрд╛ рдерд┐рдПред рдИрдиреНрджреНрд░рдмрд╣рд╛рджреБрд░ рд░рд╛рдИрдХреЛ рдЪрд░реНрдЪрд┐рдд рдХрдерд╛ тАШрдЬрдпрдорд╛рдпрд╛ рдЖрдлреБрдорд╛рддреНрд░ рд▓рд┐рдЦрд╛рдкрд╛рдиреА рдЖрдЗрдкреБрдЧреАтАЩ рд▓реЗ рддреНрдпрд╕ рдмреЗрд▓рд╛рдХреЛ рддреНрдпреЛ рдЙрдард┐рд╡рд╛рд╕рд▓рд╛рдИ рдорд╛рд░реНрдорд┐рдХ рдврдВрдЧрд▓реЗ рдкрд╕реНрдХреЗрдХреЛ рдЫред рдмрд░реНрдорд╛, рдкреВрд░реНрд╡реЛрддреНрддрд░ рднрд╛рд░рдд рд░ рднреБрдЯрд╛рдирдорд╛ рдХрд╛рдо рд░ рдлрд░рд╛рдХрд┐рд▓реЛ рд╕рдВрд╕рд╛рд░рдХреЛ рдЦреЛрдЬреАрдорд╛ рдкреБрдЧреЗрдХрд╛ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рдХрд╛рд▓рд╛рдиреНрддрд░рдорд╛ рдЖрдлреНрдиреИ рдкреБрд░реНрдЦреНрдпреМрд▓реА рдерд▓реЛ рдлрд░реНрдХрд┐рди рд╡рд╛рдзреНрдп рднрдПред

рд╕рдиреН резрепрелреп рдорд╛ рдЪреАрдирд▓реЗ рддрд┐рдмреНрдмрддрдорд╛рдерд┐ рдХрдмреНрдЬрд╛ рдЬрдорд╛рдПрдкрдЫрд┐ рддреНрдпрд╣рд╛рдБрдХрд╛ рд╡рд╛рд╕рд┐рдиреНрджрд╛рд▓реЗ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓рд▓рд╛рдИ рднрд╛рд░рдд рд░ рдЕрдиреНрдп рджреЗрд╢ рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рдЯреНрд░рд╛рдиреНрдЬрд┐рдЯ рдкреЛрдЗрдиреНрдЯ рдмрдирд╛рдП (рдЕрдЭреИ рдкрдирд┐ рдмрдирд╛рдЙрдБрджреИрдЫрдиреН)ред рд╣рд╛рд▓ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓рдорд╛ рд╢рд░рдг рд▓рд┐рдЗрд░рд╣реЗрдХрд╛ реиреж рд╣рдЬрд╛рд░ рддрд┐рдмреНрдмрддреА рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереАрдордзреНрдпреЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рдВрд╢ рдпрд╣рд╛рдБ рдШреБрд▓рдорд┐рд▓ рднрдЗрд╕рдХреЗрдХрд╛ рдЫрдиреНред рддрд┐рдмреНрдмрддреА рд╕рдмреИрднрдиреНрджрд╛ рдкреБрд░рд╛рдирд╛ рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереА рд╣реБрдиреНред рд╕рдиреН резрепреореп рджреЗрдЦрд┐ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░рд▓реЗ рддрд┐рдирд▓рд╛рдИ рд▓рд┐рди рдмрдиреНрдж рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдЫред рддрд░ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓рдорд╛ рд╢рд░рдг рд▓рд┐рдиреЗрд╣рд░реБрдкреНрд░рддрд┐ рдпрд╣рд╛рдБрдХреЛ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░рд▓реЗ рд╕рдзреИ рд╕рд╣рдпреЛрдЧреА рд╣рд╛рдд рдмрдврд╛рдПрдХреЛ рдЫреИрдиред рдкреВрд░реНрд╡реА рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓рдХреЛ рдмрд┐рд░реНрддрд╛рдореЛрдб, рдЭрд╛рдкрд╛рдорд╛ рд╢рд░рдг рд▓рд┐рдПрдХрд╛ рднреБрдЯрд╛рдиреА рдиреЗрддрд╛ рдЯреЗрдХрдирд╛рде рд░рд┐рдЬрд╛рд▓рд▓рд╛рдИ рдкрдЮреНрдЪрд╛рдпрдд рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░рд▓реЗ реирежрекрем рд╕рд╛рд▓ рдордВрд╕рд┐рд░рдорд╛ рднреБрдЯрд╛рдирд╕рдордХреНрд╖ рдмреБрдЭрд╛рдПрд░ рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рдирд░рд╛рдореНрд░реЛ рдирдЬрд┐рд░ рдкреЗрд╢ рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдпреЛред рддреНрдпрд╕реНрддреИ рдЪреАрдирдХрд╛ рдЗрд╕реНрд▓рд╛рдо рдзрд░реНрдорд╛рд╡рд▓рдореНрдмреА рдЙрдЗрдЧреБрд░ рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереАрд▓рд╛рдИ рд╕рдореЗрдд рд╕реБрдкреБрд░реНрджрдЧреА рдЧрд░рд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕ рдЫред

рднреБрдЯрд╛рдиреА рд░ рддрд┐рдмреНрдмрддреАрдмрд╛рд╣реЗрдХ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓рдорд╛ рджрд░реНрдЬрди рджреЗрд╢рдХрд╛ рд╢рд╣рд░реА рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереА рдЫрдиреНред рдЭрдгреНрдбреИ рддреАрди рд╕рдпрдХреЛ рд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛рдорд╛ рд░рд╣реЗрдХрд╛ рддреА рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереА рдХрд╛рдардорд╛рдбреМрдВрдорд╛ рддреЗрд╕реНрд░реЛ рджреЗрд╢ рдкреБрдирдГрд╡рд╛рд╕рдХреЛ рдкреНрд░рддреАрдХреНрд╖рд╛рдорд╛ рдмрд╕реНрдЫрдиреНред рддрд┐рдирдорд╛ рд╕реЛрдорд╛рд▓реА, рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рдиреА, рдЕрдлреНрдЧрд╛рдиреА, рдмрд░реНрдореЗрд▓реА, рдмрдВрдЧрд▓рд╛рджреЗрд╢реА, рдЗрд░рд╛рдХреА, рдирд╛рдЗрдЬреЗрд░рд┐рдпрд╛рд▓реА, рд╕реБрдбрд╛рдиреА, рд╢реНрд░реАрд▓рдВрдХрд╛рд▓реА, рдЗрдерд┐рдпреЛрдкрд┐рдпрд╛рд▓реА рдЖрджрд┐ рдЫрдиреНред рддреАрдордзреНрдпреЗ рд╕рдмрднрдиреНрджрд╛ рдмрдвреА рд╕реЛрдорд╛рд▓реА (рдХрд░рд┐рдм ренреж) рдЫрдиреН рдЬреЛ рдЧреГрд╣рдпреБрджреНрдзрдорд╛ рдлрд╕реЗрдХреЛ рддреНрдпрд╕ рдЕрдлреНрд░рд┐рдХреА рдореБрд▓реБрдХрдмрд╛рдЯ рдпреБрд░реЛрдк рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рдЙрдкрдХреНрд░рдордорд╛ рдорд╛рдирд╡ рдмреЗрдЪрд╡рд┐рдЦрди рдЧрд┐рд░реЛрд╣рдХреЛ рдлрдиреНрджрд╛рдорд╛ рдкрд░реЗрд░ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓ рдЖрдЗрдкреБрдЧреЗрдХрд╛ рд╣реБрдиреНред рд╕рдиреН реирежрежрел рдХреЛ рдЕрдиреНрддреНрдп рд░ реирежрежрем рдХреЛ рд╢реБрд░реБрджреЗрдЦрд┐ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓ рдЖрдЙрди рдерд╛рд▓реЗрдХрд╛ рдЙрдиреАрд╣рд░реБ рд╕реНрд╡рджреЗрд╢ рдлрд░реНрдХрд┐рди рдЪрд╛рд╣рдиреНрдЫрдиреН рддрд░ рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд╛рдХреЛ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рджреЗрдЦрд╛рдЙрдБрджреИ рдпреБрдПрдирдПрдЪрд╕рд┐рдЖрд░рд▓реЗ рддреНрдпреЛ рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛ рдЕрдШрд┐ рдмрдврд╛рдПрдХреЛ рдЫреИрди (рд╣рд╛рд▓ рд╕реЛрдорд╛рд▓реАрд▓рд╛рдИ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓рдорд╛ рдЕрдиреН рдЕрд░рд╛рдЗрднрд▓ рднрд┐рд╕рд╛ рджрд┐рди рдмрдиреНрдж рдЧрд░рд┐рдПрдкрдЫрд┐ рдЖрдЙрдиреЗрдХреНрд░рдо рд░реЛрдХрд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдЫ)ред рдПрдХрд╛рдз рдЬреЛрдЦрд┐рдордкреВрд░реНрдг рд░ рдЕрдкрд╛рдЩреНрдЧ/рдЕрд╢рдХреНрдд рд╕реЛрдорд╛рд▓реАрд▓рд╛рдИ рддреЗрд╕реНрд░реЛ рджреЗрд╢ рдкреБрдирдГрд╡рд╛рд╕ рдЧрд░рд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдЫред рдЗрд╕реНрд▓рд╛рдо рдзрд░реНрдо рдорд╛рдиреНрдиреЗ рдЙрдиреАрд╣рд░реБ рдЖрдлреНрдирд╛ рдкрдХреНрд╖рдорд╛ рдЖрд╡рд╛рдЬ рдЙрдард╛рдЗрджрд┐рдиреЗ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛/рдорд╛рдиреНрдЫреЗрдХреЛ рдЕрднрд╛рд╡ рднрдПрдХреЛ рдмрддрд╛рдЙрдБрдЫрдиреНред

рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓рдорд╛ рд░рд╣реЗрдХреЛ рдЕрд░реНрдХреЛ рдареВрд▓реЛ рд╢рд╣рд░реА рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереА рд╕рдореВрд╣ рд╣реЛ рдЕрд╣рдорджрд┐рдпрд╛ рдореБрд╕рд▓рдорд╛рдиред рдЭрдгреНрдбреИ рддреАрди рджрд░реНрдЬрдирдХреЛ рд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛рдорд╛ рд░рд╣реЗрдХрд╛ рдЕрд╣рдорджрд┐рдпрд╛ рдореВрд▓рддрдГ рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рдирдХреЛ рдкрдЮреНрдЬрд╛рдм рдкреНрд░рд╛рдиреНрддрдХрд╛ рд╣реБрдиреНред рд╕рдиреН резреорейрел рдорд╛ рд╣рдЬрд░рдд рдорд┐рд░реНрдЬрд╛ рдЧреБрд▓рд╛рдо рдЕрд╣рдорджрд▓реЗ рд╢реБрд░реБ рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдЕрд╣рдорджрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╕рдореНрдкреНрд░рджрд╛рдпрдХрд╛ рд╕рджрд╕реНрдп рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рди (рекреж рд▓рд╛рдЦ) рд░ рднрд╛рд░рддрдорд╛ (рдХрд░рд┐рдм рез рд▓рд╛рдЦ) рдЫрдиреНред рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рдирдХреЛ рд╕рдВрд╡рд┐рдзрд╛рдирд▓реЗ рдиреИ рдЙрдиреАрд╣рд░реБрд▓рд╛рдИ рдореБрд╕рд▓рдорд╛рди рдорд╛рдиреЗрдХреЛ рдЫреИрдиред рдПрдХ рджрд╢рдХрдЕрдШрд┐ рдкрдЮреНрдЬрд╛рдмрдХреЛ рд╕рд┐рдпрд╛рд▓реНрдХреЛрдЯ рдЬрд┐рд▓реНрд▓рд╛рд╕реНрдерд┐рдд рдПрдХ рдорд╕реНрдЬрд┐рджрдорд╛ рдЧреЛрд▓реА рд╣рд╛рдиреА рдкрд╛рдБрдЪ рдЕрд╣рдорджрд┐рдпрд╛рдХреЛ рд╣рддреНрдпрд╛ рдЧрд░рд┐рдпреЛред рдЙрдиреАрд╣рд░реБрдорд╛рдерд┐рдХреЛ рдкреНрд░рд╣рд╛рд░ рдЕрджреНрдпрд╛рдкрд┐ рдЬрд╛рд░реА рдЫ, рдЧрдд рд╕рд╛рддрд╛рдорд╛рддреНрд░ рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рдирдХреЛ рд▓рд╛рд╣реЛрд░рдорд╛ рдЙрдиреАрд╣рд░реБрдХрд╛ рджреБрдИ рдорд╕реНрдЬрд┐рджрдорд╛ рднрдПрдХреЛ рдЖрдХреНрд░рдордгрдорд╛ рдЭрдгреНрдбреИ рдПрдХ рд╕рдпрдХреЛ рдореГрддреНрдпреБ рднрдПрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдпреЛред

рд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛рдорд╛ рдереЛрд░реИ рднрдПрдкрдирд┐ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓рд▓реЗ рд╕рдореЗрдд рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереА рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрди рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдЫред рдЦрд╛рд╕рдЧрд░реА рдорд╛рдУрд╡рд╛рджреА тАШрдЬрдирдпреБрджреНрдзтАЩ рд╢реБрд░реБ рднрдПрдкрдЫрд┐ рд╕рдХреНрдХрд▓реА рд░ рдирдХреНрдХрд▓реА рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереАрдХреЛ рдУрдЗрд░реЛ рдиреИ рд▓рд╛рдЧреЗрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдпреЛ, рдЕрдореЗрд░рд┐рдХрд╛ рд░ рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрдорд╛ред рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрдХрд╛ рдмреЗрд▓реНрдЬрд┐рдпрдо, рдЬрд░реНрдордиреАрдЬрд╕реНрддрд╛ рджреЗрд╢рдорд╛ рдорд╛рдУрд╡рд╛рджреАрдмрд╛рдЯ рдкреАрдбрд┐рдд рд░ рдорд╛рдУрд╡рд╛рджреА рджрд╡реИрдерд░рд┐рд▓реЗ рд╢рд░рдг рд▓рд┐рдПрдХрд╛ рдЫрдиреНред рд╣реБрдБрджрд╛рд╣реБрдБрджрд╛ рд░рд╛рдЬрддрдиреНрддреНрд░рдХреЛ рдЕрдиреНрддреНрдпрдкрдЫрд┐ рд╕рдореЗрдд рд░рд╛рдЬрд╛рд╡рд╛рджреАрд╣рд░реБрд▓реЗ рдЖрдлреБрд╣рд░реБ рдЕрд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд рднрдПрдХреЛ рднрдиреНрджреИ рдЕрдореЗрд░рд┐рдХрд╛рдорд╛ рд╢рд░рдг рд▓рд┐рдПрдХрд╛ рдЫрдиреНред

рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереА рд╕рдорд╕реНрдпрд╛рдХреЛ рд╕рдорд╛рдзрд╛рдирдХрд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рддреАрди рд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдк рдЫрдиреН, рдШрд░рдлрд┐рд░реНрддреА, рдкреБрдирдГрд╡рд╛рд╕ рд░ рд╕реНрдерд╛рдиреАрдпрдХрд░рдгред рддрд░ рдпреБрдПрдирдПрдЪрд╕рд┐рдЖрд░рдХреЛ рд╕рдиреН реирежрежреп рдХреЛ рддрдереНрдпрд╛рдВрдХрдорд╛ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рдЧреНрд▓реЛрдмрд▓ рдЯреНрд░реЗрдгреНрдб рд░рд┐рдкреЛрд░реНрдЯрд▓реЗ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рдорд╛ рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереА рд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдмрдвреНрджреИрдЧрдПрдХреЛ рд░ рдШрд░ рдлрд░реНрдХрдиреЗрдХреЛ рд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдШрдЯреНрджреИрдЧрдПрдХреЛ рдЬрдирд╛рдПрдХреЛ рдЫред рдЧрдд рд╡рд░реНрд╖ реи рд▓рд╛рдЦ релреи рд╣рдЬрд╛рд░ рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереА рд╕реНрд╡рджреЗрд╢ рдлрд░реНрдХрд┐рдПрдХреЛ рддрдереНрдпрд╛рдВрдХ рдЫ рдЬреБрди рд╕рдиреН резрепрепреж рдпрддрд╛рдХреИ рд╕рдмреИрднрдиреНрджрд╛ рдХрдо рднрдПрдХреЛ рдпреБрдПрдирдПрдЪрд╕рд┐рдЖрд░рд▓реЗ рдЬрдирд╛рдПрдХреЛ рдЫред рдЖрдлреНрдиреЛ рджреЗрд╢ рд░ рдШрд░рднрдиреНрджрд╛ рдкреНрдпрд╛рд░реЛ рдорд╛рдирд┐рд╕рд▓рд╛рдИ рдЕрд░реБ рдХреЗрд╣реА рд╣реБрдБрджреИрдиред рдпрд╕реНрддреЛ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░рднреВрдд рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░рдмрд╛рдЯ рд╡рдЮреНрдЪрд┐рдд рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереАрд╣рд░реБрдХреЛ рд╕рдорд╕реНрдпрд╛ рдЪрд╛рдБрдбреИ рд╕реБрд▓реНрднрд┐реНрдХрдпреЛрд╕реН, рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡ рд╢рд░рдгрд╛рд░реНрдереА рджрд┐рд╡рд╕рдорд╛ рдпрд╣реА рдХрд╛рдордирд╛ рдЧрд░реМрдВред

рдХрд╛рдиреНрддрд┐рдкреБрд░рдорд╛ рдкреНрд░рдХрд╛рд╢рд┐рдд

рдиреЗрджрд░рд▓реНрдпрд╛рдгреНрдбрд╕рдорд╛ рдирд╡ рдЖрдЧрдиреНрддреБрдХрд▓рд╛рдИ рд╕реНрд╡рд╛рдЧрдд

рднреВрдЯрдирд┐рд╕ рдХрдореНрдпреБрдирд┐рдЯреА рдЗрдиреН рдиреЗрджрд░рд▓реНрдпрд╛рдгреНрдбрд╕ ((рдмреАрд╕реАрдПрди) рд▓реЗ рдкреБрдирд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрдирд╛ рдЕрдиреНрддрд░реНрдЧрдд рдпрд╣рд╛рдБ рдЖрдЗрдкреБрдЧреЗрдХрд╛ рднреВрдЯрд╛рдиреАрд╣рд░реБрд▓рд╛рдИ рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрддрд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдХреНрд░рдо рдорд╛рд░реНрдлрдд рд╕реНрд╡рд╛рдЧрдд рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдЫ ред

рдХрд▓рд╛рдХрд░реНрдореА рдЖрдлреНрдиреЛ рдкреНрд░рд╕реНрддреБрддрд┐ рджреЗрдЦрд╛рдЙрджреИ ред
рдХрд▓рд╛рдХрд░реНрдореА рдЖрдлреНрдиреЛ рдкреНрд░рд╕реНрддреБрддрд┐ рджреЗрдЦрд╛рдЙрджреИ ред

рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдХреНрд░рдо рдЖрдпреЛрдЬрдХрд▓реЗ┬а рджрд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдЬрд╛рдирдХрд╛рд░реА рдЕрдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░ рд╕рдорд╛рд░реЛрд╣рдорд╛ рдЖрдлреНрдиреЛ рдореМрд▓рд┐рдХрддрд╛ рдЭрд▓реНрдХрдиреЗ рд╡рд┐рднрд┐рдиреНрди рдЧреАрдд рд░ рдиреГрддреНрдпрд╣рд░реБ рдкреНрд░рд╕реНрддреБрдд рдЧрд░рд┐рдПрдХрд╛ рдерд┐рдП ред рдЙрдХреНрдд рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдХреНрд░рдордорд╛ рдиреЗрджрд░рд▓реНрдпрд╛рдиреНрдбреНрд╕рдорд╛ рдмрд╕реЛрдмрд╛рд╕ рдЧрд░реНрдиреЗ рднреВрдЯрд╛рдиреА рд╕рдореБрджрд╛рдпрдХрд╛ рдХрд░рд┐рдм рейреж рдЬрдирд╛ рдХрд▓рд╛рдХрд░реНрдореАрд▓реЗ рдЖрдлреНрдиреЛ рдкреНрд░рд╕реНрддреБрддрд┐ рджреЗрдЦрд╛рдПрдХрд╛ рдерд┐рдП ред

рдмреАрд╕реАрдПрдирд▓реЗ рдХрд▓рд╛рдХрд░реНрдореАрд╣рд░реБрд▓рд╛рдИ рдЙрдкрд╣рд╛рд░ рд╕реНрд╡рд░реВрдк рдорд╛рдпрд╛рдХреЛ рдЪрд┐рдиреЛ рд╕рдореЗрдд рд╡рд┐рддрд░рдг рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдЖрдпреЛрдЬрдХ рдкрдХреНрд╖рд▓реЗ рдЬрдирд╛рдПрдХреЛ рдЫ ред

Finance ministers of SAARC to meet

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Finance ministers of the eight SAARC nations will be attending a conference due to be held in Thimphu from August 24.

The conference will draw guidelines for the recently operationalised SAARC Development Fund (SDF), discuss implementation of the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) and regional connectivity projects, among others.

Another major item on the agenda is finalising the basic guidelines of the SDF and its funding modalities. The issue of increasing the current size of the SDF capital of US$ 300 million will also de discussed.

So far, only India and Bhutan have contributed to the SDF. India has chipped in another US$ 100 million as a voluntary contribution for social development programs.

The SDF was launched at the 16th SAARC summit back in April with the aim of assisting social, economic and infrastructure growth of the member nations. Currently, the only social window of the SDF is in operation with projects like poverty alleviation and child and maternity health. The conference will also discuss financial issues related to the road-map of the SAARC Economic Union and regional capital market.